![]() ![]() A Tennessean and an excellent administrator, Stout had been in charge of the hospitals in Chattanooga. Savannah had a hospital early in the war, and general hospitals were established in Atlanta early in 1862, although little is known about the general hospitals in Georgia before they were incorporated into the Army of Tennessee system directed by Samuel H. One of the women who worked as a matron in several Georgia hospitals was Kate Cumming, who kept a journal of her experiences, which was later published. Enslaved African Americans were often pressed into service or hired from local slaveholders, and white civilians, including some women, provided additional care. ![]() Enlisted men played important roles, but not all staff members were soldiers. ![]() This staff included surgeons and assistant surgeons, a steward (manager and pharmacist), ward masters (supervisors), nurses, female matrons (domestic supervisors), cooks, and laundresses. Each general hospital had a staff, preferably of a size appropriate to its bed capacity. Field hospitals accompanied the armies, treating the sick and wounded first before sending those needing lengthier care to the general hospitals behind the lines, often at some distance from the front. There were two types of hospitals during the Civil War. During the Civil War (1861-65), Confederate military medical authorities established general hospitals behind the lines in at least thirty-nine cities and towns in Georgia, though many of them remained at a particular location for only a short time. ![]()
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